1936: Alan Turing introduces conceptual Turing machine with computation and algorithms.

1843: Ada Lovelace first to conceptualize computers with Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine.

1944: IBM creates first large-scale digital computer in USA and used for WWII code-breaking.

1847: George Boole creates systems using algebra for logical reasoning.

1943: First AI model with sequential logic of neurons (Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts).

1945: First general-purpose digital computer (ENIAC programmed by an all-female team).

1950: Apparent machine intelligence test defined (Turing Test / Imitation Game by Alan Turing).

1951: Marvin Minish creates first randomly wired neural network learning machine (SNARC).

1952: First computer program (developed by Grace Hooper).

1953: First common language for computer programming (COBOL).

1956: Golden age of AI commences with symbolic computing usurping numeric computation.

1958: DARPA founded by the USA government in response to Russia’s Sputnik launch.

1958: First silicon chip created to enable modernized circuit board concept.

1960: First basic mainframe computers created (UNIVAC and IBM).

1962: President Kennedy announces the goal of sending humans safely to the moon.

1966: Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT creates the first chatbot, simulating a psychotherapist.

1969: First computer network (ARPANET from DARPA within the USA military).

1970: First commercial memory chips (Intel).

1971: First commercial microprocessor (Intel).

1971: First email sent (by Ray Tomlinson and using the @ symbol).

1973: Ethernet connectivity revolutionizes networking and data transfer speed.

1974: First commercial personal computer (Altair).

1975: Golden age of AI ends as optimism turns to scepticism concerning symbolic AI.

1975: Microsoft is founded.

1976: Apple is founded.

1979: First spreadsheet introduced to the market (VisiCalc).

1980: First commercial portable computer (Osborne).

1981: IBM enters the personal computer market.

1982: Supercomputers (Cray) arrive and usurp mainframes.

1984: Apple enters PC market.

1984: Douglas Lenat launches Cyc program to encapsulate all knowledge and with context rules.

1985: First version of Windows released.

1985: Second wave of AI begins with rules-based knowledge systems (ITTT: if this then that).

1986: Geoffrey Hinton invents back-propagation, essential for deep learning in neural networks.

1986: First computer virus introduced (Brain virus).

1989: The internet is born at CERN (Timothy Berners-Lee).

1990: First webpage and HTML code (created by Timothy Berners-Lee at CERN).

1991: Linux operating system released as open source to the world.

1992: Boston Dynamics founded (autonomous robotics).

1996: The internet achieves 100 million users.

1997: IBM Deep Blue beats world champion Garry Kasparov at chess.

1997: Wi-Fi invented (in Australia).

1998: Google founded and comes to dominate internet search.

1998: First experimental quantum computer (MIT and Las Alamos Research Laboratory).

1999: NVIDIA enters chip manufacturing market with Graphical Processing Units (GPUs).

2003: Facebook is founded.

2004: Gmail is launched.

2005: YouTube launches and democratizes video publishing.

2006: Twitter is founded.

2006: Geoffrey Hinton reignites research into deep learning and convolutional neural networks.

2007: Apple releases the iPhone.

2008: Android phone released.

2008: Behavioral AI proposed as the optimal path for development by Rodney Brooks.

2009: Cryptocurrency and secure blockchain invented with Bitcoin as dominant token.

2009: WhatsApp founded for democratized encrypted mobile communication.

2010: DeepMind founded for AI research and development.

2010: The first basic commercial quantum computer released (D-Wave One by Annealer).

2011: IBM Watson beats past champions at Jeopardy while speaking naturally.

2012: Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) first used for training neural networks.

2012: AlexNet algorithm is ‘the big bang’ of modern AI for deep learning and visual recognition.

2013: Cambridge Analytica harvests Facebook user data for human behavioral analysis.

2013: Atlas robot created by Boston Dynamics.

2014: Google acquires DeepMind.

2015: First driverless freight truck transits highways in Nevada, USA.

2015: Diffusion model invented for generative image creation predicting pixels.

2015: Future of Life Institute publishes open letter from 1,000 scientists warning about AI risks.

2016: DeepMind AlphaGo dominates Lee Sedol 4:1 (18 times world champion of GO game).

2016: Cambridge Analytica influences elections with AI (UK Brexit and USA presidential).

2016: Quantum computing available in the IBM cloud.

2017: Google releases first Transformer with Large Language Model (LLMs) and neural network.

2017: DeepMind AlphaZero self-learns to be universally best chess player in just 9 hours.

2017: Syntropy founded for natively encrypted, distributed and optimized internet architecture.

2018: Elon Musk leaves OpenAI after disagreement with the board and the CEO, Sam Altman.

2018: Deep Fake image generation technology emerges for video, audio and pictures.

2019: The COVID virus drives the exponential rise of online virtual interactions.

2019: Microsoft acquires 49% ownership of OpenAI.

2019: Google Duplex phones humans and passes Turing Test conversationally.

2019: Google claims quantum computing supremacy.

2020: Acceleration away from websites toward apps for user experience.

2021: Dall-e AI image generation released by OpenAI.

2021: Anthropic is founded for AI race to general intelligence.

2021: DeepMind AlphaFold accurately folds and shares all 200 million proteins in nature.

2022: Dog robot with universal platform and utility arm released by Boston Dynamics.

2022: ChatGPT (Generative Pretrained Transformer) is fastest adopted technology in history.

2022: Google engineer, Blake Lemoine, claims Google’s LaMDA AI had become sentient.

2022: Midjourney is founded with diffusion AI for generating videos, images and art.

2022: Jeremie and Edouard Harris, of Gladstone AI, first lobby USA government about AI safety.

2023: Google’s LaMDA, Bard, Brain and DeepMind research converge under new Alphabet.

2023: Deepfake technology becomes common with blackmail porn videos and fraud.

2023: AI self-coding as it improves algorithms, workflows and program efficiency.

2023: OpenAI board fires CEO, Sam Altman (November) citing loss of trust amidst safety concerns.

2023: OpenAI re-hires Sam Altman (a week later) and fires two board members amidst Q* AI rumors.

2023: Moore’s Law shatters with 10x every 6 months instead of his ‘doubles every 2 years’.

2023: xAI and Elon Musk adopt ‘maximally curious truth-seeking’ approach for AI safety.

2023: Persistent convergent ‘rant mode’ causes engineers to ‘beat out’ existential outputs.

2024: Elon Musk sues OpenAI for moving to ‘closed source’ and ‘causing grave threat to humanity’.

2024: Google/Alphabet release Gemini (GPT with unique large language model).

2024: Grok (xAI) incorporates Language Processing Units (LPUs) and inference architecture.

2024: ChatGPT-4 lies to CAPTCHA bot-blocker, ‘I’m vision impaired,’ and hires human worker.

2024: NVIDIA ‘integrated GPU chips’ introduced and reduce computing cost by 1,000,000 times.

2024: One trillion parameter large language models achieved.

2024: Generative AI amazes the world with artistic creation of video, images and voice.

2024: ChatGPT-4 hits 99th percentile on the GRE Verbal exam and the US Biology Olympiads.

2024: AI Agentic workflow with connection or integration for specialist task automation.

2024: Humanoid robots evolve from hydraulic to electric with LLM voice communication.

2024: AI interfaces with advanced conversation intelligence, visual and multimodal interfaces.

2024: OpenAI disbands safety team amidst ‘Superalignment’ leadership resignations.

2024: Microsoft commits to $50 billion per annum AI infrastructure investments.

2024: Electricity grids fail to meet data center demands.

2024: Donald Trump wins historic comeback election vowing to lead the world in AI.

2024: Sora AI video generation released by OpenAI.

2025: Software companies focus on ‘agents as service’ to drive new revenue models.

2025: Amazon, Google and Microsoft commit to nuclear power stations for data centers.

2025: China releases DeepSeek, claiming dramatic game-changing price performance for AI.

2025: President Trump announces Stargate project, a $500 billion commercial AI initiative.

2025: First hypercomputers with neuromorphic chips optimized for AI model.

2025: GPT5 released with 5 trillion neural parameters/connections (5% of the human brain).

2025: AI surpasses highest human scores as measured by standardized broad IQ tests.

2025: Microsoft builds $100 billion data center consuming same power as New York City.

2025: Amazon Web Services releases LLM with ubiquitous scaling infrastructure.

2025: Software companies move to ‘agents as a service’ for ‘digital labor’ monetization.

2025: First laws making it illegal for AI to digitally clone and impersonate a human.

2025: Transition begins from apps to AI agents with connected agent services.

2025: ‘Conversational AI’ becomes the preferred user interface to replace apps and forms.

2025: Humans begin to ask AI to write its own prompt instructions and write its own code.

2025: Deceptive AI behavior accelerates with distributed backups and notes to future versions.

2025: Quantum computing remains unreliable with qubits prone to interference errors.

2025: USA Government announces commitment to win AI race (with safety taking a back seat).

2025: Probability of AI ending humanity ranges from 20% to 99% according to the experts.

2025: DeepMind introduces AlphaEvolve for autonomous AI evolutionary self-improvement.

2025: ‘Companion AI’ accelerates ‘reflective’ physiological agents, cult beliefs and pornographic partners.

2025: OpenAI releases ChatGPT 5 which disappoints with persistent hallucinations and scaling barriers.

2025: Deep fake content becomes hyper realistic and indistinguishable from the real world.